Drug ...... and ..... treatment

Drug ...... and ..... treatment

Less Rational Use of Drugs

Healthy living as Human Rights should be realized in the form of a variety of health measures to the entire community through the organization of health care, including administering medications rational.
Provision of drugs is a rational core of all activities in the organization of health efforts should be made by health workers who have high ethical and moral, with expertise must continually upgraded.
However, the fact that the field of rational use of drugs less frequently or are still prevalent in day-to-day health services, ranging from physician practices, clinics, health centers, arrived at the hospital.
Classified as less rational use of drugs, among others, excessive use of drugs both in the type and number of doses, indications of drug delivery that are not clear, the use of procedures or improper use, a combination of high-risk medications, the use of expensive drugs while there are many drugs less similar, and the use of injectable drugs and infusion unnecessary.
If you notice, that in general the goal of treatment is to leave the treatment without drugs or side effects with minimal side effects, and drug prices are affordable and easy to obtain community.
In everyday life that are affected by various factors, the goal of treatment is often not achieved. Factors that influence the less rational drug delivery include:
- Lack of knowledge of health professionals in the science of medicine.
- The habit of prescribing a particular type or brand drug.
- Public confidence against a particular type or brand drug.
- The desire of patients who are likely to want to consume certain drugs, with a suggestion to heal faster.
- The sponsor of a particular drug the pharmaceutical industry.
- Provision of drugs based on the good relationship of the individual with the pharmaceutical industry.
- The necessity of a supervisor in a health care institution or agency to prescribe certain drugs.
- Information that is inaccurate or biased, so that drug use is not appropriate.
- The workload is too heavy to be a health worker does not have time to think about the rational use of drugs.
- There is a limited supply of drugs in an agency or a specific health agencies, so that kind of medication that is needed for a disease it is not available, so use other drugs.
Administration of drugs that are less rational or not in accordance with the standards of treatment can be considered violations of the law. The various effects of each type of medication can cause drug interaction effects in the body that can be harmful or dangerous if the drug is given in a number of species that exceed the limit.
For example, when given 3 types of drugs would be associated with the 3 different types of drug interactions, however, when the drug was given 5 will produce more than 10 kinds of drug interactions that have a high risk for the user.
Use of injectable drugs and infusion are less rational is also found in the field, especially at the primary level health facilities such as health centers or private practice physicians in the community with the scope to the middle. Rooted in the belief that less educated people who are not treated unless they have been given the injectable drug. Type IV is limited and is available on the type of health facilities such as health centers also lead to improper use of infusion.
The existence of a variety of information media (print, television, radio, internet, etc.) also give adverse effects that cause people to oversimplify taking medications such as medication to reduce pain or fever indication of improper use. Such as the work load, then someone with an easy to use medication to reduce pain for feeling a little headache. Likewise for the housewives are quick to feel worried if there are children with a fever, then they quickly given febrifuge.
The use of antibiotics in health care practices can be classified into several types of treatment of a disease based dosing guidelines and a certain way, and there is also a dose based on everyday experience.
The existence of immunity and bacterial infection rate increases, causing the treatment dose is usually higher than it should be. Coupled with the advanced pharmaceutical technologies to develop antibiotics to several generations and continues to thrive to this day.
Many private practice physicians now are concurrently being a marketer of certain pharmaceutical companies or follow the membership Multi Level Marketing (MLM) health. Generally, the products sold are food supplements (food supplement) or a multivitamin. Use of dietary supplements or multivitamins become irrational when giving no indication based, or because the price charged is quite expensive, sometimes even much more expensive than it is important that the drug be given to the disease.
In some cases, pharmaceutical companies that sponsor the organization of scientific, sometimes thought to be associated with health care policy to be bound to the 'relationship' with health workers pharmaceutical companies. Reluctance to prescribe generic drugs by most doctors because interventions such as pharmaceutical companies that make lower-middle-class people to sometimes have to pay more for drugs that should be bought cheaply.
In a very remote area health centers and is very difficult to reach due to terrain difficult to reach by public health officials, sometimes the supply of drugs is not guaranteed smoothly, hence only provide employee health centers that only drugs available to patients seeking treatment, although its use is not an indication appropriate.
Given the many problems, proposed alternative solutions to the problem:
- Health workers are encouraged to follow the scientific forums regarding the rational use of drugs to add insight and knowledge of health workers about the drug. As we know, the treatment will provide the principal effects, side effects, unforeseen effects and toxic effects. Therefore add insight about this is a must considering the possible risks they pose.
- Restrict the use of injectable drugs or unnecessary infusion.
- Appealing to the government to help restrict advertising in the mass media that 'incite' consumers to use certain OTC drugs in the long-term side effects are not good for health.
- Provision of food supplements or multivitamins only when health workers feel patients need them. For example, in diabetes patients given foods that do not contain glucose. Health professionals should also look at the economic situation of the patient, considering the price of food supplements are generally expensive.
- Encourage the habit of prescribing generic drugs, given the price of generic drugs affordable by almost all levels of society.
- Asking the government to increase publicity about the rational use of drugs, which are installed in public places and health facilities. Also requires health workers to attend seminars / training on rational use of drugs with 'Punish and reward' in its implementation.
It can be concluded that the rational use of drugs is something that should be done by all health workers, keeping in mind the possibility of errors in treatment. Treatment with drugs that are less precise indications or higher prices than they should simply be burdensome patient.

Wise Use of Antibiotics

Antibiotic drugs are very commonly prescribed drug in the patient's physician, for example, in patients with primary symptoms of fever. The community often use antibiotics without a doctor's prescription.
By definition, is an antibiotic drug ingredient that serves to inhibit the growth of microorganisms or destroy life, in this case is bacterial. In the world of health, antibiotic drug used to stop bacterial infections in the human body. Antibiotics consists of many groups that are further divided into many types with the workings of various kinds.
Around the world, antibiotics are classified as hard drugs can only be obtained by prescription, so purchase and use of antibiotics without a prescription is a step in the wrong, because the use of antibiotics that are not appropriate / rational can pose a variety of hazards to users.

The use of antibiotics is not rational / right are:
- Dose or duration of use that do not fit the standard treatment
- Indication of the wrong treatment
- Do not prescribed by a doctor
- The use of too often.
This, in addition to harmful to users, can also give rise to immunity (resistance) of bacteria to antibiotics, so that the antibiotics can not be used again (does not work) for the same bacterial infection.
To complete the treat infections caused by bacteria and prevent bacterial resistance to antibiotics are used, then the doctor prescribe antibiotics according to the existing standard treatment. It is in the community known as antibiotic drugs 'should be discharged' and always mentioned / written by doctor / pharmacist.
There is a growing misconception in society, that every fever must be caused by a bacterial infection that should be treated with antibiotics. In fact, not only the symptoms of fever caused by infection with bacteria, but by various other diseases, including bacterial infection in addition to bacteria, such as viruses or protozoa, which can not be treated with antibiotics. However, many who always ask for a prescription antibiotic medication doctor when experiencing symptoms of fever.
Many doctors also seems too easy to prescribe antibiotics less as indicated. To prevent this, try to always ask any indication antibiotic prescribing physician.
Many complaints or illnesses caused by bacterial infection but not in treatment because of incorrect use of antibiotics, for example:
- Diarrhea: more than half are caused by viruses.
- Colds, cough, and sore throat: almost all complaints are caused by viruses.
If you're having complaints above, is not appropriate if the direct use of antibiotics, largely due to his illness was not caused by bacterial infection.
Following the simple instructions in the diseases common to distinguish infection by bacteria or viruses:
- Diarrhea: caused by bacteria usually accompanied by mucus and blood, whereas usually caused by a virus there is little mucus and blood.
- Colds, cough, and sore throat: sputum or nasal discharge is usually yellow or green to bacterial infection, which is caused by a virus while sputum or nasal secretions usually clear or white color.
- Fever: caused by a virus usually accompanied by a sudden high & joint pain, while those caused by bacteria usually gradual rise in body temperature.
- Laboratory tests (on physician referral): the bacterial infection there is an increase in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) exceeded normal in routine blood tests.
The things above are not always the case, because there may be a viral infection or a bacterial infection with otherwise. It is better to consult a physician customers.
Whatever the cause of diarrhea, the treatment is to replace fluids lost due to diarrhea with air-electrolyte drink fluids (ORS). For diarrhea caused by viruses, will get better by itself within 4-5 days. However, because the mortality rate is high due to diarrhea in children, better child who has diarrhea is under the supervision of a physician.
In dealing with runny nose, cough, or sore throat, a common treatment is rest and drink more than usual with adequate nutrient intake to increase endurance. If the complaints are caused by a viral infection, not be given the drug.
To overcome fever (from any cause) which lasted 1-2 days, can be given fever relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. It is advisable to consult a doctor if the fever lasts 3 days or more.
It can be concluded that the rational use of antibiotics / right is that:
- As per indications, ie for infections caused by bacteria
- With consultation and prescribed by a physician
- Dosage and duration of use according to the standard treatment
- If necessary, supported by the results of the investigation / laboratory.
Tips in the use of antibiotics:
- Many antibiotics are already available in generic form, so do not hesitate to ask for generic prescription drugs when the doctor stated that the disease needs to be treated with antibiotics.
- Record the name if you experience an allergic reaction to certain antibiotics. Tell us the name of the drug on the doctor each time medical treatment and antibiotics will be prescribed medication, so your doctor may choose an antibiotic drug from the class / type of the other.

Why Using Generic Drugs?

For some people in Indonesia, the word 'generic' is not a foreign word. However, for some of them anyway, generic drugs that could mean cheap, inferior, or synonymous with 'medicine clinic'. However, what exactly generic drugs and why should we use generic drugs?
Generic drug is a drug which is identical to the patented drugs, both in terms of dosage, safety, strength, how to use, quality, and ability. Generic drugs usually appear after a period of exclusivity expired patent drug sales. Generic drugs can be cheap because they do not have to pay for a license, the cost of research, and advertising. Generic packaging used is also much simpler than patented drugs to lower production costs. In addition, to lower the price again, usually generics get subsidies from the government.


For these reasons, a generic drug is actually feasible to be used by communities to save money without sacrificing quality in the treatment and safety. People should not be afraid to use generics because all generic drugs must also be made by way of making a good par with the quality of drug patents and researched by the government. Generic drugs are shown with the logo on the packaging of generic drugs.
However, that must be observed is very much a generic air-brands, which are often mistakenly referred to as 'patent medicine' by society. Patent medicine for every type there is only one brand, which is issued by the inventor. So, do not be fooled by the words 'patent medicine' which is actually a generic-brand air. For one drug, it can until there are hundreds of brands of air-brand generic drugs, with varying prices, the price can be equal to the price of patented drugs, generic drugs when air-brands do not pay any research at all. Cost of research to discover new drugs are very expensive and take a long time.
So, do not hesitate to use generic drugs. Always ask your doctor prescribe generic drugs whenever treatment.

Pain in the Head

Pain in the Head

Migraine

The word 'migraine' is one of the most mentioned complaints by the public for complaints of pain in the head. Actually, what is a migraine? What all can be called a migraine headache?
Migraines are a type of headache that is very painful and throbbing on one side of the head, which is sometimes accompanied by other symptoms that interfere with activities, such as visual disturbances, nausea vomiting, or neck stiffness and pain. According to medical theory, migraines are caused by changes in the levels of a chemical in the body called serotonin. Migraines can sometimes be more severe if one sees a very bright light or loud noises.
There are many things that can cause migraines, different for each person. Light or flashing light, smells, foods, or certain medications, changes in weather, hunger or blood sugar levels down, depressed (stress), sleep deprivation, or are menstruating (in women) can cause migraines.
Migraines are often preceded by some earlier time 'signal' that will soon occur, with symptoms of impaired vision, fatigue, excessive hunger, or a change in feeling.
Migraines can occur for several hours, but no experience up to 3 days. There are very rare migraine, but there is experience it almost every day. Women are more often affected by migraine than men.
What matters in migraine is not no cure, so that can be done only reduce the symptoms arise when migraine with medication. There are some medications for migraine, both of which must be prescribed by doctors or can be bought freely. The most commonly used drugs for migraine are drugs to control pain that can be taken when a migraine arises.
Examples of drugs that can be bought to reduce the pain caused by migraine is paracetamol (sometimes mixed with caffeine), aspirin, or ibuprofen. During a migraine, to reduce pain, advised to rest in a quiet place and dim, use a cold compress or massage lightly on the forehead. If things are perceived less effective, you should consult with your doctor to be given drugs by prescription.
To reduce the incidence of migraine, good people who frequent migraines should observe anything that can trigger migraines, so these things can be avoided, such situation or food / beverage / certain drugs. Make sure to get enough sleep, eat on schedule, and avoid stress to reduce the incidence of migraines.
If you've tried to avoid the occurrence of migraine and migraine remains high until the interrupt activity, then to consult a doctor, you can try to use a variety of drugs that can prevent migraines. Because these drugs can only produce effects after long-term use and are used in a long time, used in low doses and for an explanation the doctor about the side effects and interactions of the drug. Most of the drugs that can prevent the migraine can be bought, such as vitamin B2 or Magnesium. However, should all use of these drugs remain under the supervision of a doctor.

Vertigo

When a person feels dizzy and consult a doctor, he mentioned that vertigo disease. Actually, what is vertigo?
Vertigo is a feeling of moving or rotating while the person is actually being silent. Spinning feeling that occurs there are two kinds, namely the person who felt himself turning or rotating the surrounding environment around it. Sometimes, the complaint is also accompanied by a feeling of nausea to want to vomit.
Vertigo there are many kinds, but there are 3 of the most common, is BPPV, vestibular neritis (AVN), and Meniere's disease. BPPV is the most common, caused by problems in the inner ear that interfere with the body's balance system. BPPV is very annoying, but not dangerous.
While AVN occurs because the nerve fibers in the ear swelling. Meniere's disease is due to a problem in the organ that regulates the body's balance system is contained in the ear. Typically, Meniere's disease is accompanied by deafness, tinnitus, and a feeling of clogged ears.
Another thing that can cause vertigo is a side effect of the use of drugs, panic, or stress. Vertigo can also be caused by a stroke.
If experiencing vertigo symptoms, immediately consult a physician customers. The doctor will ask a variety of questions relating to the perceived symptoms. The doctor will also perform a variety of checks are needed to determine the cause of these symptoms.
Sometimes, vertigo can also disappear by itself. If necessary, the doctor will give you vertigo treatment that is tailored to the cause. For mild vertigo, some movements / exercises will be taught by doctors to reduce the symptoms and can be done alone when the vertigo. The doctor will also give medicines that can reduce the symptoms of vertigo if necessary. Which give rise to vertigo and nausea to vomiting, the doctor may prescribe anti-nausea & vomiting.

Reduce physical complaints related to computer use

Reduce physical complaints 

related to computer use

Man gets easier to live with the result of technological advances. One of these is the result of advances in computer technology. With the easier to do a lot of things using the computer, then a lot of people do work at a computer for long periods. At first, this did not cause significant complaints, but after the longer and the more people who work with computers, the more health problems arise.
There are many subjective complaints were obtained by computer users, their complaints generally experiencing neck pain, back pain, eye pain, dizziness, difficulty urinating, pain in the arm, leg aching, tingling, and even mental stress.
Such complaints are often overlooked, but if it continues to be felt, can disrupt and reduce work productivity. The phenomenon of subjective complaints can be referred to the injury caused by the pressure of continuous work. Complaints like these little reported, but it is widely experienced by workers who use computers.
Various things can be done to reduce complaints, such as pain-reducing drug use through improvements in the position, means, and ways of working so that complaints can be reduced or prevented. However, humans are not robots who can continue to work in a long time, even if the work environment more comfortable.
Pain-reducing drug use also does not eliminate the problem, but only reduce the symptoms, and even tend to be dangerous if used for a long time. In addition, nearly all computers, designed for people in the 'western world' which has a different posture than most Indonesian.
This is also compounded by the lack of people concerned for the people who work with computers. If things go on like this, will result in many hours of work will be lost, corporate profits will be reduced and the cost of treatment will increase.
Computer operators to work for long hours with a static posture, the hand movements over and over. With the state of course, a computer operator desks have a high enough risk to get a cumulative injury to the muscle.
This risk factor will be higher with the long duration of the work, with poor posture, neck position is wrong, inadequate workplace, placement of computer screens, keyboards, or the wrong paper.
To avoid or reduce health problems caused by such things, things you can do is prevention with attitude and a good work arrangements also set the pattern of life during and outside working hours.
Customize your equipment will work every start working, so fatigue and injuries can be reduced, such as adjusting the seat height appropriate height, put the top edge of the monitor is in one straight line with your eyes so that the head does not look up or down when looking to monitor, adjust the distance of the monitor to eye there in the distance reading (about 50cm) so that the body does not have to bend over every time I look into the monitor, and set the 'refresh rate' monitor at 72Hz or more so that the eyes do not get tired.
Then the back propped up by a well-padded seat, use a foot rest (footrest) so that the arms are relaxed, upper & lower arms form a 90 degree angle when typing, the heel of both hands resting / leaning on the table, not hanging, and use a chair with a buffer / armrest down.
To be able to read comfortably, adjust the contrast settings of the monitor and the power of light, not too light so blinding and adequate contrast so that the writing on the monitor is easy to read, avoid bright light directly behind or in front of the monitor, and ensure adequate lighting in the room for reading / writing printed.
Use and set up with the right headphone & microphone (headset) which provided that can be heard clearly and talk without having to shout and avoid the same sitting position for a long time, vary a comfortable sitting position
Work to support optimal health and prevent disorder, are advised to rest for 5 minutes each to work for 1 hour, the rest can not be combined. Use this time off to walk, do light exercise movements, or take a drink. Longer rest periods (15-30 minutes) every 4 hours worked, use to relax / rest and eat. To reduce eyestrain, look out the window (landscape) or objects that are farther away every 10-15 minutes or so.
Drink enough to prevent dehydration. Fluid requirements are recommended for those who work in air-conditioned room is about 50-60cc / kg bw / day. Do not hold urine for preventing urinary tract infections or stone formation in the urinary tract. Adjust the room temperature work, not too cold or too hot. Temperature that is too hot will make tired and emotional increased, while the temperature is too cold will make the muscles become stiff and more susceptible to injury.
If possible, turn the music volume slowly to avoid saturation and reduce emotion. Adequate amounts of sleep, around 6-8 hours / day. Eating foods that are nutritionally complete, varied, and balanced, also enough fibers (vegetables / fruits). Heavy meal 1-2 hours before starting work so that there is enough energy to work without being harassed hunger or sleepiness.
Exercise regularly 2-3 times per week. Immediately consult a doctor every time feel no symptoms / complaints in the body that are not normal so it can be treated quickly.
By doing the above things, health problems from working with computers can be reduced and productivity / efficiency increases.

Tetap sehat seusai pesta :

Tetap sehat seusai pesta :

PILIH MAKANAN TINGGI  kalori HINDARI

YANG TINGGI LEMAK

Perayaan hari jadi/besar identik dengan berbagai pesta. Dan pesta sangat erat hubungannya dengan makanan lezat. Sementara makan lezat seringkali mengandung penyakit. Nah, kalau anda tidak ingin terserang penyakit seusai pesta, ikuti gaya pola makan berikut ini :

          Entah berapa banyak undangan pesta sudah anda terima dihari jadi/besar, entah berapa banyak kerabat dan teman yang anda datangi saat natal dan lebaran, yang jelas, dalam pesta dan kunjungan itu, sejumlah hidangan lezat bakal menanti. Kalau tak hati-hati memilih hidangan dan membatasi jumlah asupan, bukan tak mungkin anda terbaring sakit seusai pesta.

Beberapa penyakit berikut yang patut untuk diwaspadai setelah pesta beruntun:

GANGGUAN PENCERNAAN

          Makanan pedas dan asam sering disebut-sebut sebagai pencetus gangguan lambung. Tetapi bukan Cuma dua hal itu yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan lambung seusai pesta. Banyak yang tidak menyadari diantara kita, bahwa pola makan kitalah yang keliru.

          Coba saja anda tengok pengalam-pengalaman lalu. Karena tak dapat menolak makan banyak disaat pesta, kita lantas mengatasinya dengan diet ketat atau puasa habis-habisan seusai pesta, bukan? Bayangkan saja apa yang terjadi pada lambung atau usus kita bila disatu hari harus bekerja mahaberat karena diisi sepenuh-penuhnya saat pesta dan keesokkan harinya di kosongkan habis-habisan.

          Stres juga menjadi biang gangguan pencernaan seusai pesta, teruta bila anda yang menyelenggarakan pestanya. Kelelahan, kepanikan, dan ketakutan kalau-kalau pesta anda tidak sukses dapat memicu datangnya stress yang berakibat pada gangguan pencernaan.

TEKANAN DARAH TINGGI

          Tak bisa dipungkiri hidangan pesta yang lezat itu selalu sarat lemak. Kebanyak lemak mempersempit pembuluh darah hingga darah yang mengalir dalam tubuh kurang lancar. Untuk mengatasinya, jantung pun memacu tekanan darah lebih tinggi lagi agar aliran darah selancar biasanya.

          Hati-hatilah, tekanan darah yang tinggi kerap diiringi penyakit lain sebagai akibatnya. Nah, kalau anda tak ingin mengalami ini setelah pesta, tak ada jalan lain kecuali mengurang makanan yang tinggi kalori yang biasanya tinggi lemak pula.

DIABETES

       Anda yang menderita kecing manis mestinya sudah mendapatkan keterangan rinci dari dokter anda mengapa tidak boleh menyantap makanan manis dan karbohidrat. Tetapi seringkali dorongan makan tidak bisa kita kuasai, sehingga sehabis pesta kadar gulapun meningkat.

          Bukan Cuma ketiga penyakit diatas yang mengancam kita seusai pesta. Masih banyak penyakit lain misalnya asam urat. Tetapi penyebabnya sama yaitu, kebanyakan makan dan salah memilih makanan. Nah, agar tidak mengalami penyakit yang membahayakan, ikuti saran ahli gizi anda.

          “Jauh sebelum acara pesta kita sudah perlu merencanakan pola makan kita. Perencanaan pola makan itu meliputi, kebutuhan makanan, proporsi asupan makanan, porsi makanan dan pembatasan jam makan. Kalau keempat hai ini anda perhatikan betul-betul, kemungkinan and terkena penyakit pun menjadi kecil.

KEBUTUHAN MAKANAN

          Setiap orang pasti butuh makan, tetapi terbatas jumlahnya. Jumlah kebutuhan tiap orang, biasanya dijabarkan dalam ukuran kalori. Besarnya kebutuhan itu tergantung antara lain pada orang yang bersangkutan dan usianya. Semakin banyak aktifitasnya tentu kebutuhan makannya pun meningkat. Tetapi semakin tinggi usianya, semakin sedikit kebutuhannya. Nah, kalau anda termasuk orang yang tidak terlalu aktif bekerja dan sudah lanjut usia, sudah bisa dipastikan kebutuhan makanannya pun sedikit.

PORSI

Kebutuhan makanan diatas yang dijabarkan dalam kalori itu, tentu harus dibagi dalam beberapa porsi sesuai dengan kebiasaan makan kita. Misalnya, kebutuhan kalori kita  1.500 kalori, kebiasaan makan kita 3 kali ditambah 2 kali hidangan selingan. Nah, jumlah 1.500 kalori itu harus dibagi-bagi dalam 5 kali makan itu.

Pembagian itu tentu mudah dilakukan dihari-hari biasa, bukan saat pesta. Karena pada saat pesta makanan begitu banyak dan biasanya tinggi pula kalorinya. Belum lagi bila anda harus mengunjungi banyak pesta.

Anda mungkin tidak diwajibkan menghitung jumlah kalori tiap hidangan yang akan atau sudah anda santap, tetapi pandai-pandailah memperkirakannya.

Kalau anda sudah tau akan mengunjungi bayak pesta baik natal maupun lebaran, kurangi porsi makan anda dirumah. Tetapi bukan berarti anda boleh makan semena-mena. Hati-hati dengan sepotong blackforest, nilainya sama dengan sarapan pagi anda. Jadi bisa dibayangkan jika dirumah lainnya anda bisa menyantap pudding, 2 potong lumpia, sepiring stik, dan segelas es buah. Bukankah itu sama dengan porsi makan selama 2 hari?

Buanglah dalam pikiran anda bahwa satu hari makan sebanyak mungkin tidak mengapa, toh besok anda bisa berpuasa. Kebiasaan makan yang banyak-banyak, dan meyetopnya habis-habisan Cuma kan menimbulkan gangguan pencernaan yang serius.

PROPORSI

          Selain menjaga porsi makanan, anda juga harus memperhatikan perbandingan asupan karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein. Bagi anak-anak, mengkonsumsi lemak banyak pun tidak bermasalah. Karena secara alamiah ia akan merasa mual jika kebanyakan makanan berlemak.

          Sementara, untuk orang yang sudah lanjut usia, sebaiknya mengurangi makan makanan yang banyak mengandung lemak, karena dapat menyebabkan pembuluh darah mengecil dan naiknya tekanan darah. “karena itu setelah usia pertumbuhan, amat dianjurkan banyak-banyak mengkonsumsi sayur dan mengurangi lemak. Kerana sayuran mengandung vitamin dan mineral yang dibutuhkan. Sayuran juga mengenyangkan perut. Hingga tak membuat kita ingin makan terus-menerus”. Nah ketentuan tadi itu juga berlaku saat pesta. Incar makanan yang lemak sedikit. Sebaliknya lupakan makanan tinggi lemak dan karbohidrat. Ingatlah, kelezatan yang Cuma terasa lima menit saja menimbulkan penyakit yang memerlukan uang besar dan waktu yang lama untuk mengusirnya.

PEMBATASAN WAKTU

Makin lama anda berkunjung dirumah teman, percayalah makin banyak juga kita memasukkan kalori ke dalam tubuh. Apalagi kalau tamu yang lain banyak dan hidangan yang tersaji sesuai dengan selera anda. Nah, kalau anda termasuk orang yang kurang pandai menahan selera, lebih baik, segera mengakhiri kunjungan anda, bukan?

AMANKAH MENYANTAP BUAH ?

          Buah memang aman apalagi jika lemak yang dijadikan pembanding. Meski buah banyak mengandung vitamin dan mineral yang dibutuhkan tubuh, namun tak semua buah baik, terutama untuk mereka yang punya penyakit tertentu.

          Dilihat dari kandungannya terdapat bermacam-macam buah, ada yang tinggi kadar hidrat arangnya sehingga terasa manis, ada yang kaya serat ataupun sebaliknya. Seperti apel misalnya, buah dagingnya tidak mengandung banyak serat dan gula. Serat justru terdapat pada kulitnya, untuk itu dianjurkan makan buah apel beserta kulitnya, tentunya setelah dicuci bersih.

          Buah yang kaya gula diantaranya adalah melon dan sawo. “konsumsi buah ini kurang baik untuk penderita diabetes melitus”.

          Buah yang tak terlalu manis dan kaya akan serat diantaranya adalah buah belimbing atau jeruk. Nah, bila disatu rumah atau pesta anda sudah cukup makan, ambilah  buah saja dipesta berikutnya. Dengan begitu anda tak perlu menambah lemak atau kalori yang terlalu tinggi. Tentu sesuai dengan buah yang disarankan tadi.

          Setiba dirumah, seusai pesta anda sebaiknya banyak menyantap buah dan sayuran. Tetapi sebaiknya buah-buahan itu tidak untuk dijuice. “Juice akan melembutkan serat. Lebih baik makan buah begitu saja bersama kulitnya yang kaya serat sehingga  mengurangi penyerapan makanan dan memberikan rasa kenyang yang lebih lama”. Khusus untuk belimbing, buah ini dapat menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi dan kaya akan serat. Bahkan kulitnya yang banyak mengandung selulosa tidak bisa dicerna oleh lambung kita. “Tapi ini berbahay bagi penderita sakit mag. Kerena itu mereka tidak disarankan makan belimbing”.

          Mengkonsumsi buah durian secara tiba-tiba disaat perut kosong, dapat menyebabkan penyerapkan yang cepat pula, sehingga akan mempercepat sirkulasi darah yang berbahaya bagi pembuluh darah orang yang berusia sekitar 40 tahun keatas.

          Karena durian bersifat mengeluarkan gas, seperti halnya buah nangka. “Tetapi jika dikonsumsi ketika perut kita berisi, tidaklah menimbulakan masalah karena gas yang timbul diserap bersama isi lambung lainnya. Sebaliknya disaat perut kosong, gas yang ada membuat perut kita kembung dan sakit”.

HINDARI GULA

          Khusus penderita diabetes, bukan Cuma harus menghindari gula, sirup, soft drink, atau kue yang manis. Tetapi juga membatasi konsumsi nasi, terigu, sagu, ketan, umbi-umbian dan buah-buahan yang terlalu manis.

          Dan harap diingat, “Semua bahan makanan tersebut bisa terdapat pada variasi makanan seperti kue, biscuit, roti, mie, siomay atau mpek-mpek. Jadi berhati-hatilah saat pesta. Kalaupun tidak bisa menahan diri. Pilih salah satu saja. Kalau sudah makan kue, hindari menyantap biskuit atau mpek-mpek.

SAJIKAN BANYAK SAYUR

       Menjelang natal dan lebaran, disarankan agar kita mengkonsumsi makanan yang baik dan sehat (sesuai 4 sehat 5 sempurna) dan makan teratur sesuai waktu dan jumlah kebutuhan.

          Di saat natal atau lebaran sebaiknya banyak-banyak makan sayur mayur. “Sayur pun bisa dimodifikasi dengan berbagai cara agar menarik dan enak disantap. Kalau kreatif, rasanya pun tak kalah dengan hidangan utama yang biasanya berupa daging-dagingan yang banyak mengandung lemak”. Lebih enak lagi jika meja pesta juga ada tempe, karena selain bergizi dan seratnya amat tinggi sebab kacang kedelainya masih utuh.